Structural steels are considered one of the primary materials in the construction industry due to their high mechanical properties and resistance to environmental conditions. These steels are mainly composed of iron and carbon, and their characteristics vary depending on the type and amount of alloying elements. Plain carbon steel and alloy structural steels are the two main types, each chosen based on the specific requirements of the project. High tensile and compressive strength, flexibility, good weldability, and long durability are among the key features of these steels.

Structural steels have a wide range of applications, including the construction of building frameworks, bridges, industrial structures, tunnels, and marine structures. Because of their ability to withstand heavy loads and harsh environmental conditions, they are highly suitable for large-scale projects and critical infrastructure. Proper selection of the steel type and its application method can significantly impact the safety, durability, and efficiency of civil engineering structures.